Resources are consumed when building, eating, buying clothing from the in-game shop, using certain items, such as the bow or wrenches, or performing other miscellaneous actions. The five resources are wood, stone, gold, apple, and golden apples.
Resource Deposits[]
Resource deposits include trees, rocks, bushes, and gold ores. Breaking these will give you resources the corresponding resources. They also lose health as you're breaking them, except for the gold ore, which has an indefinite number of health. How the resource looks like depends on which biome you're in. Some weapons are better suited for gathering some resources than others.
Entities[]
Killing animals can give gold and food, as well as age. The amount of resources gained depends on the animal and its age. Bosses also give lots of gold and age.
Totems[]
You can buy resource chests from totems by spending golden apples collected in-game. You can get 500x 
Food, 
Stone, or 
Wood from these chests depending on which one was brought.